پروڤيدينيا
پروڤيدينيـّا (روسية: Провиде́ния; النطق الروسي: [prəvʲɪˈdʲenʲɪjə]؛ بالچوكچي: Гуврэл Guvrel) هي محل حضري (مستوطنة ذات نمط حضري) والمركز الاداري مديرية پروڤيدنسكي في أوكروگ چوكوتكا الذاتي، روسيا، تطل على خليج كومسومولسكايا (جزء من خليج پروڤيدينيا) في الجزء الشمالي الشرقي من الأكروگ الذاتي، عبر مضيق بيرنگ من ألاسكا، وقريبة جداً من خط التاريخ الدولي.انخفض التعداد في العقود الأخيرة: 1,970 (تعداد 2010);[3] 2,723 (تعداد 2002);[7] 5,432 (تعداد 1989).[8]
پروڤيدينيا
Провидения | |
|---|---|
 منظر پروڤيدينيا من خليج كومسومولسكايا | |
Location of پروڤيدينيا  | |
  پروڤيدينيا Location of پروڤيدينيا پروڤيدينيا پروڤيدينيا (روسيا) | |
| الإحداثيات: 64°25′N 173°15′W / 64.417°N 173.250°WCoordinates: 64°25′N 173°15′W / 64.417°N 173.250°W | |
| البلد | روسيا |
| الكيان الاتحادي | Chukotka Autonomous Okrug[1] |
| Administrative district | مديرية پروڤيدنسكي[1] |
| Founded | May 10, 1946[2] |
| مستوطنة ذات نمط حضري status since | April 25, 1957[2] |
| الحكومة | |
| • Head[2] | Dmitry Olkhovik[2] |
| التعداد | |
| • الإجمالي | 1٬970 |
| • Estimate (2018) | 2٬151 (+9٫2%) |
| • Capital of | مديرية پروڤيدنسكي[1] |
| • Municipal district | Providensky Municipal District[4] |
| • Urban settlement | Provideniya Urban Settlement[4] |
| • Capital of | Providensky Municipal District[4], Provideniya Urban Settlement[4] |
| منطقة التوقيت | UTC+3 (ت ع م+03:00  [5]) |
| Postal code(s)[6] | 689251 |
| OKTMO ID | 77710000051 |
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الجغرافيا
Provideniya is a former Soviet military port, sited on a fjord sheltered from the Bering Sea. The largest inhabited locality east of Anadyr, it was established as a port to serve the eastern end of the Northern Sea Route.[2] The port is found in Komsomolskaya Bay (named after the Soviet Komsomol youth organization), a part of the much larger Provideniya Bay, providing a suitable deep water harbor for Russian ships, close to the southern limits of the winter ice fields.
التاريخ
After discovery in 1660 of Providence Bay by the Russian expedition led by Kurbata Ivanov, the surrounding waters became a regular site for wintering fishing, whaling, and merchant ships. In the early 20th century, with the beginning of the development of the Northern Sea Route along the coast of the bay, a coal depot was constructed for refueling ships heading west back across the Arctic and in 1933 the first buildings of the future seaport were constructed in what would later become the settlement of Provideniya (حرفياً "of Providence").[2] In 1937, with the arrival of a convoy with building materials for the construction company Providenstroy, active construction of the port and the settlement began.[2] On May 10, 1946, the settlement of Provideniya was officially established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR.[2] The settlement continued to grow quickly and military units began to be deployed here.[2] On April 25, 1957, it was granted work settlement status.[2] In 1975, it was planned to grow the settlement into a town with a population of twelve thousand and to rename it "Dezhnyov".[بحاجة لمصدر] However, social and economic upheavals in the post-Soviet period left these plans unfulfilled and in the period from 1994 to 2002 no construction was undertaken at all.[2]
الوضع الاداري والبلدي
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Provideniya serves as the administrative center of Providensky District, to which it is directly subordinated.[1] As a municipal division, the urban-type settlement of Provideniya is incorporated within Providensky Municipal District as Provideniya Urban Settlement.[4]
الاقتصاد والبنية التحتية
There is a technical school, one functioning movie theater, a post office, a museum of Chukotka history and culture, one of the only two ski slopes in Chukotka, a bakery complex, and port facilities.
النقل
The settlement is served by the Provideniya Bay Airport, the closest Russian airport to the United States.
Provideniya is sometimes referred to as the Doorway to the Arctic, and since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, tourism from nearby Alaska has given the local economy a significant boost. Bering Air, an Alaskan airline, offers charter services to the Provideniya Bay Airport from both Nome and Anchorage. Alaska Airlines made a Friendship Flight to Provideniya in July 1988. Chukotavia provides flights to Anadyr.
High-sprung transports connect the settlement's concrete slabbed main street with outlying destinations along the fjord and coast.
Demographics
A significant proportion of the settlement's current residents are Yupik, reflecting the high percentage of indigenous peoples in both Providensky and Chukotsky Districts. The settlement and the surrounding area struggle from alcoholism (which is especially high in indigenous areas), causing a high death rate, a low birth rate, and the population decline since 1990.
المناخ
Provideniya has a dry-summer polar climate (Köppen ETs), although winters are not as severe due to the coastal location and colorful flowers help bring the tundra to life during the summer. Winter temperatures are significantly higher than at other places within Chukotka such as Uelen and Ushakovskoye, because it is a more southerly settlement with greater maritime influence from the Bering Sea, as is the case with nearby Nome in the US, which has similar winter conditions. Summers are generally cool and the settlement receives heavy rainfall, especially when low pressure systems move northwards from the Pacific Ocean. The annual average temperature is 2.4 °C (4.3 °F) higher than Mount Fuji, but Provideniya is much lower than Mount Fuji, albeit in a polar climate.
| بيانات مناخ پروڤيدينيـّا | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | يناير | فبراير | مارس | أبريل | مايو | يونيو | يوليو | أغسطس | سبتمبر | اكتوبر | نوفمبر | ديسمبر | العام |
| العظمى القياسية °س (°ف) | 7.1 (44.8) |
5.1 (41.2) |
3.7 (38.7) |
6.6 (43.9) |
15.2 (59.4) |
26.2 (79.2) |
25.3 (77.5) |
22.8 (73) |
19.1 (66.4) |
12.0 (53.6) |
7.5 (45.5) |
6.1 (43) |
26٫2 (79٫2) |
| العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | −12.0 (10) |
−11.5 (11.3) |
−9.3 (15.3) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
2.6 (36.7) |
9.0 (48.2) |
12.4 (54.3) |
11.6 (52.9) |
7.5 (45.5) |
1.1 (34) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
−9.5 (14.9) |
−0٫6 (31) |
| المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) | −15.1 (4.8) |
−14.7 (5.5) |
−13.0 (9) |
−8.0 (18) |
0.0 (32) |
5.8 (42.4) |
9.3 (48.7) |
8.9 (48) |
5.1 (41.2) |
-1.0 (30.2) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
−12.3 (9.9) |
−3٫8 (25٫2) |
| الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | −18.2 (-0.8) |
−17.9 (-0.2) |
−16.6 (2.1) |
−11.4 (11.5) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
2.5 (36.5) |
6.2 (43.2) |
6.3 (43.3) |
2.4 (36.3) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
−9.3 (15.3) |
−15.1 (4.8) |
−6٫41 (20٫47) |
| الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) | −39.7 (-39.5) |
−43.2 (-45.8) |
−38.7 (-37.7) |
−36.5 (-33.7) |
−22 (-8) |
−7 (19) |
-0.4 (31.3) |
-3.6 (25.5) |
−9.4 (15.1) |
−18.6 (-1.5) |
−28.7 (-19.7) |
−35.4 (-31.7) |
−43٫2 (−45٫8) |
| هطول mm (inches) | 42.2 (1.661) |
47.0 (1.85) |
33.7 (1.327) |
37.0 (1.457) |
32.2 (1.268) |
23.3 (0.917) |
40.5 (1.594) |
82.1 (3.232) |
63.3 (2.492) |
71.8 (2.827) |
81.1 (3.193) |
49.4 (1.945) |
603٫6 (23٫764) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.3 | 8.5 | 6.7 | 7.2 | 6.3 | 4.9 | 6.5 | 10.9 | 8.3 | 8.8 | 9.5 | 8.7 | 93٫6 |
| Sunshine hours | 12.4 | 84.7 | 173.6 | 204.0 | 189.1 | 216.0 | 182.9 | 130.2 | 114.0 | 71.3 | 27.0 | 3.1 | 1٬408٫3 |
| Source #1: Météo climat stats[9] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: Météo Climat [10] | |||||||||||||
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الدين
An evangelical church run by the local Moldovan community and missionaries is located in Provideniya.[11] A Russian Orthodox church also operates.
انظر أيضاً
المراجع
ملاحظات
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج Directive #517-rp
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز Official website of Providensky District. Urban and Rural Settlements Archived مايو 17, 2014 at the Wayback Machine (in روسية)
- ^ أ ب Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1". Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
{{cite web}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ أ ب ت ث ج Law #45-OZ
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in روسية)
- ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек[[Category:Articles containing روسية-language text]][[Category:Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes|ru]] (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
{{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров.[[Category:Articles containing روسية-language text]][[Category:Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes|ru]] (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)". Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989) (in Russian). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. Retrieved 2007-12-13.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Moyennes 1981-2010 Russie (Asie)" (in الفرنسية). Retrieved 1 November 2019.
- ^ "Météo Climat stats for Butha Providenja". Météo Climat. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
- ^ https://www.mnnonline.org/news/bringing-light-dark-corner-russia/