هيوبرت همفري
Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. (May 27, 1911 – January 13, 1978) was an American pharmacist and politician who served as the نائب رئيس الولايات المتحدة رقم 38 from 1965 to 1969. He twice served in the United States Senate, representing Minnesota from 1949 to 1964 and 1971 to 1978. As a senator he was a major leader of modern liberalism in the United States. As President ليندون جونسون's vice president, he supported the controversial Vietnam War. An intensely divided Democratic Party nominated him in the 1968 presidential election, which he lost to Republican nominee Richard Nixon.
هيوبرت همفري | |
|---|---|
 صورة رسمية، 1965 | |
| نائب رئيس الولايات المتحدة رقم 38 | |
| في المنصب 20 يناير 1965 – 20 يناير 1969 | |
| الرئيس | ليندون جونسون |
| سبقه | ليندون جونسون |
| خلـَفه | سپيرو أگنيو |
| سناتور الولايات المتحدة عن مينيسوتا | |
| في المنصب 3 يناير 1971 – 13 يناير 1978 | |
| سبقه | يوجين مكارثي |
| خلـَفه | موريل همفري |
| في المنصب 3 يناير 1949 – 29 ديسمبر 1964 | |
| سبقه | Joseph H. Ball |
| خلـَفه | والتر مونديل |
| نائب الرئيس المؤقت لمجلس الشيوخ | |
| في المنصب 5 يناير 1977 – 13 يناير 1978 | |
| الرئيس | يمس إيستلاند |
| سبقه | تم إنشاء المنصب |
| خلـَفه | George J. Mitchell (1987) |
| زعماء الأحزاب في مجلس الشيوخ الأمريكي | |
| في المنصب 3 يناير 1961 – 29 ديسمبر 1964 | |
| الزعيم | مايك مانسفيلد |
| سبقه | مايك مانسفيلد |
| خلـَفه | Russell B. Long |
| 35th Mayor of Minneapolis | |
| في المنصب 2 يوليو 1945 – 30 نوفمبر 1948 | |
| سبقه | Marvin L. Kline |
| خلـَفه | Eric G. Hoyer |
| تفاصيل شخصية | |
| وُلِد | Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. مايو 27, 1911 والاس، داكوتا الجنوبية، الولايات المتحدة. |
| توفي | يناير 13, 1978 (aged 66) ويڤرلي، مينيسوتا، الولايات المتحدة. |
| المثوى | مقبرة ليكوود |
| الحزب | Democratic–Farmer–Labor |
| الزوج | Muriel Buck (ز. 1936) |
| الأنجال | 4, including Skip Humphrey |
| التعليم | جامعة مينيسوتا (BA) Capitol College of Pharmacy Louisiana State University (MA) |
| التوقيع |  |
Born in Wallace, South Dakota, Humphrey attended the جامعة مينيسوتا. In 1943, he became a professor of political science at Macalester College and ran a failed campaign for mayor of Minneapolis. He helped found the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) in 1944; the next year he was elected mayor of Minneapolis, serving until 1948 and co-founding the liberal anti-communist group Americans for Democratic Action in 1947. In 1948, he was elected to the U.S. Senate and successfully advocated for the inclusion of a proposal to end racial segregation in the 1948 Democratic National Convention's party platform.[1]
Humphrey served three terms in the Senate from 1949 to 1964, and was the زعماء الأحزاب في مجلس الشيوخ الأمريكي for the last four years of his tenure. During this time, he was the lead author of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, introduced the first initiative to create the Peace Corps, and chaired the Select Committee on Disarmament. He unsuccessfully sought his party's presidential nomination in 1952 and 1960. After Lyndon B. Johnson acceded to the presidency, he chose Humphrey as his running mate, and the Democratic ticket won a landslide victory in the 1964 election.
In March 1968, Johnson made his surprise announcement that he would not seek reelection, and Humphrey launched his campaign for the presidency. Loyal to the Johnson administration's policies on the Vietnam War, he received opposition from many within his own party and avoided the primaries to focus on winning the delegates of non-primary states at the Democratic National Convention. His delegate strategy succeeded in clinching the nomination, and he chose Senator إدموند مسكي as his running mate. In the general election, he nearly matched Nixon's tally in the popular vote but lost the electoral vote by a wide margin. After the defeat, he returned to the Senate and served from 1971 until his death in 1978. He ran again in the primaries but lost to جيمس مكگڤرن and declined to be McGovern's running mate.[2] From 1977 to 1978, he served as Deputy President pro tempore of the United States Senate.
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الحياة المبكرة والتعليم
الزواج والعمل المبكر
المؤتمر الوطني الديمقراطي 1948
مجلس الشيوخ الأمريكي (1949–1964)
طموحات رئاسية ونائبة (1952–1964)
حملة نائب الرئيس
نائب الرئيس المنتخب للولايات المتحدة
نائب الرئيس (1965–1969)
الحقوق المدنية
الانتخابات الرئاسية عام 1968
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أعمال الشغب في شيكاغو وتداعيات الحفلات
منصب نائب الرئيس (1969–1978)
التدريس والعودة إلى مجلس الشيوخ
الدورة الرابعة لمجلس الشيوخ
الانتخابات الرئاسية عام 1972
الانتخابات الرئاسية عام 1976
الدورة الخامسة لمجلس الشيوخ
نائب الرئيس المؤقت لمجلس الشيوخ (1977-1978)
الموت والجنازة
التكريم والإرث
الأسماء
الزمالة
المباني والمؤسسات
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Portrayals
التاريخ الانتخابي
انظر أيضا
- Politics of Minnesota
- Humphrey's son, Skip Humphrey and grandson Buck Humphrey are also Minnesotan politicians.
- List of United States Congress members who died in office (1950–99)
- Humphrey objection
ملاحظات
- ^ Alonzo L. Hamby (August 2008). "1948 Democratic Convention". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on January 1, 2014. Retrieved April 25, 2013.
- ^ Perlstein, Rick (29 July 2010). Nixonland. Scribner. p. 709. ISBN 9780743243032. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
المصادر
- Berman, Edgar. Hubert: The Triumph And Tragedy Of The Humphrey I Knew. New York: G.P. Putnam's & Sons, 1979. A physician's personal account of his friendship with Humphrey from 1957 until his death in 1978.
- Boomhower, Ray E. "Fighting the Good Fight: John Bartlow Martin and Hubert Humphrey's 1968 Presidential Campaign." Indiana Magazine of History (2020) 116#1 pp 1–29. online
- Caro, Robert A. The Years of Lyndon Johnson: Master of the Senate. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002.
- Chester, Lewis, Hodgson, Godfrey, Page, Bruce. An American Melodrama: The Presidential Campaign of 1968. New York: The Viking Press, 1969. online
- Cohen, Dan. Undefeated: The Life of Hubert H. Humphrey. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications, 1978.
- Dallek, Robert. An Unfinished Life: John F. Kennedy, 1917–1963. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2003.
- Engelmayer, Sheldon D., and Robert J. Wagman. Hubert Humphrey: The Man and His Dream (1978). online
- Garrettson, Charles L. III. Hubert H. Humphrey: The Politics of Joy. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1993.
- Gould, Lewis L. 1968: The Election That Changed America (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1993). online
- Humphrey, Hubert H. The Education of a Public Man: My Life and Politics. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1976, a primary source. online
- Johns, Andrew L. The Price of Loyalty: Hubert Humphrey's Vietnam Conflict (Rowman & Littlefield, 2020).
- Mann, Robert. The Walls of Jericho: Lyndon Johnson, Hubert Humphrey, Richard Russell and the Struggle for Civil Rights. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1996. online
- Offner, Arnold, "Hubert Humphrey: The Conscience of the Country," New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2018.
- Pomper, Gerald. "The nomination of Hubert Humphrey for vice-president." Journal of Politics 28.3 (1966): 639–659. online
- Reichard, Gary W. "Mayor Hubert H. Humphrey" Minnesota History 56#2 (1998), pp. 50–67 online
- Ross, Irwin. The Loneliest Campaign: The Truman Victory of 1948. New York: New American Library, 1968.
- Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. Robert Kennedy and His Times. New York: Ballantine Books, 1996.
- Solberg, Carl. Hubert Humphrey: A Biography. New York: Norton, 1984. online
- Taylor, Jeff. Where Did the Party Go? William Jennings Bryan, Hubert Humphrey, and the Jeffersonian Legacy. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2006.
- Thurber, Timothy N. The Politics of Equality: Hubert H. Humphrey and the African American Freedom Struggle. Columbia University Press, 1999. pp. 352.
- White, Theodore H. The Making of the President 1960. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 2004. (Reprint)
وصلات خارجية
- هيوبرت همفري at the دليل سـِيَر الكونگرس الأمريكي
- University of Texas biography
- Hubert H. Humphrey Papers are available for research use at the Minnesota Historical Society.
- Humphrey's complete speech texts and a broad sample of his speech sound recordings have been digitzed by the Minnesota Historical Society under a grant from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission.
- Complete text and audio of Humphrey's 1948 speech at the Democratic National Convention – from AmericanRhetoric.com
- Complete text and audio of Humphrey's 1964 speech at the Democratic National Convention – from AmericanRhetoric.com
- Account of 1948 Presidential campaign – includes text of Humphrey's speech at the Democratic National Convention
- Oral History Interviews with Hubert H. Humphrey, from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library
- Information on Humphrey's thought and influence, including quotations from his speeches and writings.
- Hubert H. Humphrey at the Macedonian Baptist Church, San Francisco, May 23, 1972 Archived يوليو 26, 2011 at the Wayback Machine Photographs by Bruce Jackson of Humphrey on his last campaign.
- Radio airchecks/recordings of Hubert H. Humphrey from 1946 to 1978 including interviews, radio appearances, newscasts, 1968 election concession speech, etc.
- A film clip "Longines Chronoscope with Hubert H. Humphrey" is available for free download at the Internet Archive [more]
- A film clip "Longines Chronoscope with Sen. Hubert H. Humphrey (March 14, 1952)" is available for free download at the Internet Archive [more]
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- "Hubert Humphrey, Presidential Contender" from C-SPAN's The Contenders