المعرفة

هوبوكن، نيوجرزي

هوبوكن Hoboken ( /ˈhoʊboʊkən/ HO-bo-ken;[19] Unami: Hupokàn[20])، هي مدينة بمقاطعة هدسن، نيوجرزي، الولايات المتحدة. في تعداد الولايات المتحدة 2010، كان عدد سكان المدينة 50.005 نسمة،[8][9][10] مما يعكس زيادة بمقدار 11.428 نسمة (+29.6%) عن 38.577 في تعداد 2000، والذي زاد بدوره بمقدار 5:180 نسمة (+15.5%) عن 33.397 نسمة في تعداد 1990.[21] هوبوكن هي جزء من منطقة نيويورك الحضرية وتضم محطة هوبوكن، مركز النقل الرئيسي في المنطقة. هوبكون أيضاً هي موقع لأول مباراة بيسبول مسجدة (بالرغم من أن هذا الأمر مختلف عليه) وتضم أيضاً معهد ستڤنز للتكنولوجيا، من أقدم الجامعات التكنولوجية في الولايات المتحدة. تشتهر هوبوكن أيضاً بكونها محل ميلاد ومسقط رأس المغني الأمريكي فرانك سيناترا، من أشهر المغنيين في القرن 20، وهناك منتزهات وشوارع بالمدينة مسماة باسمه.

هوبوكن، نيوجرزي
Hoboken, New Jersey
مدينة
مدينة هوبوكون
Hoboken NJ photo D Ramey Logan.jpg
علم هوبوكن، نيوجرزي
Flag
الختم الرسمي لـ هوبوكن، نيوجرزي
Seal
الشعار الرسمي لـ هوبوكن، نيوجرزي
Logo
الكنية: 
The Mile Square City[1]
موقع مدينة هوبكون بمقاطعة هدسن، ولاية نيوجرزي.
موقع مدينة هوبكون بمقاطعة هدسن، ولاية نيوجرزي.
خريطة مكتب التعداد لمدينة هوبكون، نيوجرزي.
خريطة مكتب التعداد لمدينة هوبكون، نيوجرزي.
الإحداثيات: 40°45′N 74°02′W / 40.75°N 74.03°W / 40.75; -74.03
البلد الولايات المتحدة
الولاية نيوجرزي
المقاطعةهدسن
دُمجت9 أبريل 1849
الحكومة
[6]
 • النوعFaulkner Act (Mayor-Council)
 • الكيانمجلس المدينة
 • العمدةداون زيمر (د، تنتهي ولايته في 31 ديسمبر 2017)[4]
 • Clerkجيمس ج. فارينا [5]
المساحة
[2]
 • الإجمالي2٫011 ميل² (5٫208 كم²)
 • البر1٫275 ميل² (3٫303 كم²)
 • الماء0٫736 ميل² (1٫905 كم²)  36.58%
ترتيب المساحةرقم 412 من 566 في الولاية
رقم 6 من 12 في المقاطعة[2]
المنسوب
[7]
26 ft (8 m)
التعداد
 (تعداد 2010)[8][9][10][11]
 • الإجمالي50٬005
 • Estimate 
(2014)[12]
53٬312
 • الترتيبرقم 34 من 566 في الولاية
رقم 5 من 12 في المقاطعة[13]
 • الكثافة39٬212٫0/sq mi (15٬139٫8/km2)
 • ترتيب الكثافة4th of 566 in state
4th of 12 in county[13]
منطقة التوقيتUTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC-4 (Eastern (EDT))
الرمز البريدي
07030[14]
مفتاح الهاتف201[15]
FIPS code3401732250[2][16][17]
GNIS feature ID0885257[2][18]
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.hobokennj.org

Hoboken was first settled by Europeans as part of the Pavonia, New Netherland colony in the 17th century. During the early 19th century, the city was developed by Colonel John Stevens, first as a resort and later as a residential neighborhood. Originally part of Bergen Township and later North Bergen Township, it became a separate township in 1849 and was incorporated as a city in 1855. Hoboken is the location of the first recorded game of baseball and of the Stevens Institute of Technology, one of the oldest technological universities in the United States. It is also known as the birthplace and hometown of Frank Sinatra; various streets and parks in the city have been named after him.

Located on the Hudson Waterfront, the city was an integral part of the Port of New York and New Jersey and was home to major industries for most of the 20th century. The character of the city has changed from an artsy industrial vibe from the days when Maxwell House coffee, Lipton tea, Hostess Cupcakes, and Wonder Bread called Hoboken home, to one of trendy shops and expensive condominiums.[22] It was ranked 2nd in Niche's "2019 Best Places to Live in Hudson County" list.[23] and in 2022, it was ranked 1st on that list.[24]

في 29 أكتوبر 2012، تعرضت المدينة لعاصفة ورياح عاتية مرتبطة بإعصار سيدني.[25]

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التاريخ

التسمية

The name Hoboken was chosen by Colonel John Stevens when he bought land, on a part of which the city still sits. The Lenape, later called Delaware Indian tribe of Native Americans, referred to the area as the "land of the tobacco pipe", most likely to refer to the soapstone collected there to carve tobacco pipes, and used a phrase that became "Hopoghan Hackingh".[26][27][28] Like Weehawken, its neighbor to the north, Communipaw and Harsimus to the south, Hoboken had many variations in the folks-tongue. Hoebuck, old Dutch for high bluff and likely referring to Castle Point, the district of the city highest above sea level, was used during the colonial era and later spelled as Hobuck,[29] Hobock,[30] Hobuk[31] and Hoboocken.[32] However, in the nineteenth century, the name was changed to Hoboken, influenced by Flemish Dutch immigrants and a folk etymology had emerged linking the town of Hoboken to the similarly-named Hoboken district of Antwerp.[33]

Hoboken has been nicknamed the Mile Square City,[1] but it actually occupies about 1.25 sq mi (3.2 km2) of land.[2] During the late 19th/early 20th century the population and culture of Hoboken was dominated by German language speakers who sometimes called it "Little Bremen", many of whom are buried in Hoboken Cemetery, North Bergen.[34][35]

التاريخ المبكر والاستعماري

 
نهر هدسن في ثمانينيات القرن التاسع عشر. قبالة هوبوكن ومدينة نيوجرزي.

القرن 19

 
Upper Bloomfield Street between 9th and 10th (1900)
 
Hoboken Terminal shortly after it opened in 1907



منشأ البيسبول

 
Early baseball game played at Elysian Fields, Hoboken (Currier & Ives lithograph).
 
A historical marker stands at the intersection of 11th and Washington Streets, former site of Elysian Fields.



الحرب العالمية الأولى

ما بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية

الواجهة البحرية

 
صورة جوية لمحطة قطارات هوبوكن.


 
Panorama of Manhattan from Pier A.

عقد 1970-الآن

الجغرافيا

 
صوةر لهوبوكن التقطتها ناسا (الخط الأحمر يوضح موقع هوبوكن).



المناخ


بيانات مناخ هوبوكن
الشهر يناير فبراير مارس أبريل مايو يونيو يوليو أغسطس سبتمبر اكتوبر نوفمبر ديسمبر العام
العظمى القياسية °ف (°س) 72
(22.2) 		75
(23.9) 		86
(30) 		96
(35.6) 		99
(37.2) 		101
(38.3) 		106
(41.1) 		104
(40) 		102
(38.9) 		94
(34.4) 		84
(28.9) 		75
(23.9) 		106
(41٫1)
العظمى المتوسطة °ف (°س) 38
(3.3) 		42
(5.6) 		50
(10) 		61
(16.1) 		71
(21.7) 		79
(26.1) 		84
(28.9) 		83
(28.3) 		75
(23.9) 		64
(17.8) 		54
(12.2) 		43
(6.1) 		62
(16٫67)
الصغرى المتوسطة °ف (°س) 27
(-2.8) 		29
(-1.7) 		35
(1.7) 		45
(7.2) 		54
(12.2) 		64
(17.8) 		69
(20.6) 		68
(20) 		61
(16.1) 		50
(10) 		42
(5.6) 		32
(0) 		48
(8٫89)
الصغرى القياسية °ف (°س) −6
(-21.1) 		−15
(-26.1) 		3
(-16.1) 		12
(-11.1) 		28
(-2.2) 		44
(6.7) 		52
(11.1) 		50
(10) 		39
(3.9) 		28
(-2.2) 		7
(-13.9) 		−13
(-25) 		−15
(−26٫1)
هطول inches (mm) 3.65
(92.7) 		3.21
(81.5) 		4.36
(110.7) 		4.50
(114.3) 		4.19
(106.4) 		4.41
(112) 		4.60
(116.8) 		4.44
(112.8) 		4.28
(108.7) 		4.40
(111.8) 		4.02
(102.1) 		4.00
(101.6) 		50٫06
(1٬271٫5)
سقوط الثلج inches (cm) 7.5
(19.1) 		6.8
(17.3) 		3.0
(7.6) 		0.5
(1.3) 		0.0
(0) 		0.0
(0) 		0.0
(0) 		0.0
(0) 		0.0
(0) 		0.0
(0) 		0.4
(1) 		3.9
(9.9) 		22٫1
(56٫1)
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 6.0 5.6 6.8 7.3 7.3 7.1 7.1 6.4 6.2 5.5 6.0 6.3 77٫6
Avg. snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 8.0 6.5 2.3 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 3.0 20٫4
Source: [36]


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الديموغرافيا

التعداد التاريخي
التعداد Pop. %±
18502٬668—
18609٬662262٫1%
187020٬297110٫1%
188030٬99952٫7%
189043٬64840٫8%
190059٬36436�0%
191070٬32418٫5%
192068٬166−3٫1%
193059٬261−13٫1%
194050٬115−15٫4%
195050٬6761٫1%
196048٬441−4٫4%
197045٬380−6٫3%
198042٬460−6٫4%
199033٬397−21٫3%
200038٬57715٫5%
201050٬00529٫6%
2014 (تق.)53٬312[12][37]6٫6%
Population sources: 1850-1920[38]
1860-1930[19] 1850-1870[39]
1850[40] 1870[41] 1880-1890[42]
1890-1910[43] 1910-1930[44]
1930-1990[45] 2000[46][47] 2010[8][9][10]

الاقتصاد

The first centrally air-conditioned public space in the United States was demonstrated at Hoboken Terminal.[48] The first Blimpie restaurant opened in 1964 at the corner of Seventh and Washington Streets.[49][50] Hoboken is home to one of the headquarters of publisher John Wiley & Sons, which moved from Manhattan in 2002.[51]

According to the New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, Hoboken's unemployment rate as of 2014 was 3.3%, compared to a 6.5% in Hudson County as a whole.[52] In 2018, Hoboken had an unemployment rate of 2.1%, vs. 3.9% countywide.[53]

A 2014 study showed that Stevens Institute of Technology contributed $117 million to Hoboken's economy in 2014, reflecting the university's nearly $100 million payroll for salaries and wages, as well as other goods and services acquired, construction and off-campus spending by students and visitors. The university is responsible for 1,285 full-time jobs.[54]

المنتزهات والترفيه

 
Lower Frank Sinatra Drive
 
Clock at Eleventh Street
المقالة الرئيسية: معالم هوبوكن نيوجرزي



الفنون والثقافة

أحداث ثقافية سنوية

الحكومة والخدمات العامة

الحكومة المحلية

 
Hoboken City Hall, on Washington Street between First Street and Newark Street.


 
مكتب بريد هوبوكن


السياسة

ادارة المطافئ

خدمات الطوارئ الطبية

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

النقل

 
The trackage of Hoboken Terminal


 
The 14th Street and Wing Viaducts connect Hoboken, Jersey City Heights and North Hudson.



التعليم

المدارس الحكومية

 
مدرسة هوبوكن الثانوية


المدارس الخاصة

 
The Castle Gatehouse at Stevens Institute of Technology

الجامعات


الإعلام

 
Carlo's Bake Shop, which is the setting for the reality television show Cake Boss, is now a local tourist attraction.

مشاهير المدينة

المقالة الرئيسية: قائمة أشخاص من هوبوكن، نيوجرزي

انظر أيضاً

المصادر

  1. ^ أ ب Rodas, Steven. "Is Hoboken officially the 'Mile Square City'? Delving into the longstanding nickname" Archived نوفمبر 7, 2017 at the Wayback Machine, The Hudson Reporter, January 17, 2016. Accessed June 2, 2016. "The same way New Yorkers call their city The Big Apple, many people refer to Hoboken as the 'Mile-Square City' or 'Mile Square City'. Despite the fact that the city covers 1.27 square miles on land (close to 2 if you count the water), the nickname has stuck through the years and made it into the appellations of local businesses, a bar, and a theater company."
  2. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح 2010 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey County Subdivisions, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015.
  3. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
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  10. ^ أ ب ت Table DP-1. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Hoboken city, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed February 1, 2012.
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  12. ^ أ ب PEPANNRES - Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 - 2014 Population Estimates for New Jersey municipalities, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015.
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  52. ^ 2015 NJ Annual Average Labor Force Estimates by Municipality Archived يونيو 24, 2016 at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, May 14, 2015. Accessed June 2, 2016.
  53. ^ 2018 NJ Annual Average Labor Force Estimates by Municipality (2018 Benchmark) Archived أغسطس 1, 2020 at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, April 12, 2019. Accessed November 13, 2019.
  54. ^ Kiefer, Eric. "Stevens Institute Contributed $117 million to Hoboken's Economy in 2014, Study Claims; Read about the ways that the university added to the city's coffers last year." Archived نوفمبر 18, 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Hoboken Patch, May 27, 2015. Accessed November 17, 2015. "According to a study conducted by Appleseed, a New York City-based economic consulting firm, the university was responsible for $117.2 million in city-wide economic output in fiscal year 2014. Taking into account the impact of university spending on payroll, purchased goods and services, construction, and off-campus spending by students and visitors, Stevens was responsible for 1,285 full time equivalent jobs in Hoboken and nearly $99.3 million in wages and salaries, the study claimed."

قراءات إضافية

  • Ziegler-McPherson, Christina A. (2011). Immigrants in Hoboken, One-Way Ticket, 1845-1985. Charleston: History Press. ISBN 978-1-60949-163-5.

وصلات خارجية

 
معرفة المصادر بها نص من a 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica مقالة about Hoboken, New Jersey.
تمّ الاسترجاع من "https://www.marefa.org/w/index.php?title=هوبوكن،_نيوجرزي&oldid=2945105"