هنود جنوب أفريقيا
Indian South Africans are citizens and residents of South Africa of Indian descent. The majority live in and around the city of Durban, making it "the largest 'Indian' city outside India".[2] Many Indians in South Africa are descendents of migrants from colonial India (South Asia) during late 19th-century through early 20th-century. At times Indians were subsumed in the broader geographical category "Asians".[3]
  | |
 Skyline of Durban | |
| إجمالي التعداد | |
|---|---|
| 1,274,867[1] 2.5% of the South African population (2011)[1] | |
| المناطق ذات التجمعات المعتبرة | |
| Durban, Pietermaritzburg, Johannesburg, Cape Town | |
| اللغات | |
| English, Other Languages of South Africa, Gujarati, Marathi, Odia, Hindustani (including the Bhojpuri and Awadhi dialects), Tamil, Telugu, and Punjabi | |
| الدين | |
| Hinduism, Islam, Christianity | |
| الجماعات العرقية ذات الصلة | |
| Indian diaspora |
There remains a cultural, religious and racial overlap for "Asians" and "Indian South Africans". During the most intense period of segregation and apartheid, "Indian", "Asian", "Coloured", and "Malay" group identities controlled numerous aspects of daily life, including where a classified person was permitted to live.[4]
During ideological apartheid from 1948 to 1994, Indians were called, and often voluntarily accepted, terms that ranged from "Asians" to "Indians". Some citizens believed that these terms were improvements on the negatively defined identity of "Non-White", which was their previous status. Politically conscious and nationalistic Indian South Africans wanted to show both their heritage and their local roots. Increasingly they self-identified as "African", "South African" and, when necessary, "Indian South Africans".[بحاجة لمصدر]
Nonetheless, the spread of democratic elections has sometimes heightened ethnic loyalties. Politicians and groups have looked for means to mobilise power in the competitive parliamentary democracy which South Africa has become since 1994.[5]
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التاريخ
التفرقة المبكرة
Indians faced discrimination to varying degrees in all the parts of South Africa.
ناتال
Indians faced repressive legislation in Natal. They were forced to carry passes in 1888.[6]
الفصل العنصري
The Durban riots was an anti-Indian riot predominantly by Zulus targeting Indians in Durban, South Africa in January 1949. The riots resulted in the massacre of mostly poor Indians. In total 142 people died in the riots and another 1,087 people were injured. It also led to the destruction of 58 shops, 247 dwellings and one factory.[7]
بعد الفصل العنصري
الدين
Almost all South African Indians are either Hindu, Muslim, or Christian.[9] There are also small groups of Parsis, Sikhs, and Buddhists.[10] The majority of South African Muslims are Indian or belong to the multi-ethnic community in the Western Cape.[11]
See also
References
- ^ أ ب "Statistical Release P0302: Mid-year population estimates, 2011" (PDF). Statistics South Africa. 27 يوليو 2011. p. 3. Retrieved 1 أغسطس 2011.
- ^ Mukherji, Anahita (23 يونيو 2011). "Durban largest 'Indian' city outside India". The Times of India. Retrieved 30 نوفمبر 2011.
- ^ Noble, Kenneth B. (22 أبريل 1994). "Fearing Domination by Blacks, Indians of South Africa Switch Loyalties". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 مايو 2010.
- ^ "BBC World Service | Bridgin the divide: Indians in South Africa". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 6 نوفمبر 2011.
- ^ SookDeo, A. "The Transformation of Ethnic Identities; the case of 'Coloured' and Indian South Africans", Journal of Ethnic Studies, Winter 1987–1988. (Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington)
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةsaHistoryIndianTimeline - ^ "The Durban riots, 1949". South African History Online. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
- ^ Behind God Swapping in Indian South African Community, The Conversation
- ^ "South Africa – Religion". Countrystudies.us. Retrieved 6 نوفمبر 2011.
- ^ "[Buddhasa] Buddhism in South Africa – Home". Buddhasa.org.za. Retrieved 6 نوفمبر 2011.
- ^ "International Religious Freedom Report 2005". US State Department. Retrieved 4 يونيو 2013.
وصلات خارجية
Media related to هنود جنوب أفريقيا at Wikimedia Commons- Indian Diaspora in South Africa