كيكويو (لغة)

الشخص	Mũgĩkũyũ/Mũndũ
الشعب	Agĩkũyũ
اللغة	Gĩgĩkũyũ
البلد	Bũrũrĩ Wa Gĩkũyũ

Kikuyu
Kikuyu
Gĩgĩkũyũ
النطق	[ɣēkōjó]
موطنها	Kenya
المنطقة	Central Province
العرق	Agĩkũyũ
الناطقون الأصليون	6٫6 million (2009 census)e18
عائلة اللغات	النيجر-الكونغو Atlantic–Congo Volta-Congo Benue–Congo Bantoid Southern Bantoid Bantu Northeast Bantu Kikuyu–Kamba South Kikuyu–Embu Kikuyu; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
أكواد اللغات
ISO 639-2	kik
ISO 639-2	kik
ISO 639-3	kik
Glottolog	kiku1240
Guthrie code	E.51
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كيكويو Kikuyu أو گيكويو (Gikuyu ؛ Gikuyu: Gĩkũyũcode: ki is deprecated ؛ [ɣēkōjó]) هي لغة في عائلة لغات البانتو يستخدمها أساساً شعب كيكويو (Agĩkũyũ) في كينيا. كيكويو يُتحدث بها في المنطقة الواقعة بين نييري ونيروبي. عادة ما يحدد شعب كيكويو أراضيهم من خلال السلاسل الجبلية المحيطة في وسط كينيا والتي يسمونها "كيرينياگا Kĩrĩnyaga".

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الأصوات

Symbols shown in parentheses are those used in the orthography.

الصوائت

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
Mid-high	e (ĩ)		o (ũ)
Mid-low	ɛ (e)		ɔ (o)
Low		a

الصوامت

		Bilabial	Dental/ Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	voiceless		t (t)		k (k)
Plosive	voiced prenasalised	ᵐb (mb)	ⁿd (nd)		ᵑɡ (ng)
Affricate				ᶮdʒ (nj)
Nasal		m (m)	n (n)	ɲ (ny)	ŋ (ng')
Fricative	voiceless			ʃ (c)		h (h)
Fricative	voiced	β (b)	ð (th)		ɣ (g)
Liquid			ɾ (r)
Approximant				j (y)	w (w)

The prenasalized consonants are often pronounced without prenasalization, and thus /ᵐb ⁿd ᶮdʒ ᵑɡ/ are often realized as [b d dʒ ɡ].

التنغيم

Kikuyu has two level tones (high and low), a low-high rising tone, and downstep.^[2]

النحو

The canonical word order of Gĩkũyũ is SVO (subject–verb–object). It uses prepositions rather than postpostions, and adjectives follow nouns.^[3]

الأبجدية

Kikuyu is written in a Latin alphabet. It does not use the letters l p q s v x z, and adds the letters ĩ and ũ. The Kikuyu alphabet is:

a b c d e g h i ĩ j k m n o r t u ũ w y^[4]

Some sounds are represented by digraphs such as ng for the velar nasal /ŋ/.

عينة من العبارات

العربية	گيوكو
How are you	Ũhoro waku or kũhana atĩa?
Give me water	He maĩ
How are you doing?	Ũrĩ mwega? or Wi mwega
I am hungry	Ndĩ mũhũtu
Help me	Ndeithia
I am good	Ndĩ mwega
Are you a friend?	Wĩ mũrata?
Bye, be blessed	Tigwo na wega/Tigwo na thaayũ
I love you	Nĩngwendete.
Come here	Ũka haha
I will phone you	Nĩngũkũhũrĩra thimũ
Am blessed	Ndĩmũrathime
God is good	Ngai ni mwega
Give me money	He mbeca
Stop nonsense	Tiga wana
Corona will soon end	Corona nĩĩguthĩra narũa
You are learned	Wi műthomű

الأدب

There is a notable literature written in the Kikuyu language. For instance, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o's Mũrogi wa Kagogo (Wizard of the Crow) is the longest known book written in Kikuyu. Other authors writing in Kikuyu are Gatua wa Mbũgwa and Waithĩra wa Mbuthia. Mbuthia has published various works in different genres—essays, poetry, children stories and translations—in Kikuyu. The late Wahome Mutahi also sometimes wrote in Kikuyu.

In popular culture

In the 1983 movie Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi, the character Nien Nunb speaks in the Kikuyu language.^[5]

References

^ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
^ Kevin C. Ford, 1975. "The tones of nouns in Kikuyu," Studies in African Linguistics 6, 49–64; G.N. Clements & Kevin C. Ford, 1979, "Kikuyu Tone Shift and its Synchronic Consequences", Linguistic Inquiry 10.2, 179–210.
^ Wals.info
^ [1]
^ Feldmann, Compiled From Wire Service Dispatches With Analysis From Monitor Correspondents Around The World,Edited By Linda (1983-07-28). "In Kenya, audiences roar at language in 'Jedi' film". Christian Science Monitor. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved 2017-06-24. {{cite news}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

ببليوگرافيا

Armstrong, Lilias E. 1967. The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu. London: Published for the International African Institute by Dawsons of Pall Mall.
Barlow, A. Ruffell and T. G. Benson. 1975. English-Kikuyu Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Barlow, A. Ruffell. 1951. Studies in Kikuyu Grammar and Idiom. Edinburgh: William Blackwood & Sons,
Benson, T. G. 1964. Kikuyu–English Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Gecaga B. M. and Kirkaldy-Willis W.H. 1953. English–Kikuyu, Kikuyu–English Vocabulary. Nairobi: The Eagle Press.
Leakey L. S. B. 1989. First Lessons in Kikuyu. Nairobi: Kenya Literature Bureau.
Mugane John 1997. A Paradigmatic Grammar of Gikuyu. Stanford, California: CSLI publications.

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