زلزال كرايست‌چرچ، فبراير 2011
زلزال كرايست‌چرچ، فبراير 2011 February 2011 Christchurch earthquake كان زلزال بشدة 6.3 ضرب منطقة كانتربري في نيوزيلندا في الساعة 12:51 من بعد ظهيرة يوم 22 فبراير 2011 بالتوقيت المحلي. تسبب الزلزال في أضرار واسعة النطاق ووفيات متعددة في مدينة كرايست‌چرچ التي تعتبر ثاني أكبر مدينة في نيوزيلاندا. فقد أسفر عن مقتل 185 شخصا في واحدة من الكوارث الأكثر دموية في زمن السلم.
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| خطأ لوا في وحدة:Location_map على السطر 392: The value "−43.5834" provided for latitude is not valid. | |
| التاريخ | 22 فبراير 2011, 12:51 pm NZDT |
|---|---|
| المقدار | 6.3 ML[1] |
| العمق | 5 km (3.1 mi) |
| موقع مركز الزلزال | 43°35′00″S 172°42′04″E / 43.5834°S 172.7012°ECoordinates: 43°35′00″S 172°42′04″E / 43.5834°S 172.7012°E near Lyttelton, Canterbury, New Zealand |
| البلدان/ المناطق المتأثرة |
New Zealand |
| أقصى شدة | MM IX[2] |
| تسونامي | 3.5 m (11 ft) tsunami waves in Tasman Lake, following quake-triggered glacier calving from Tasman Glacier[3][4] |
| 'انزلاقات | Sumner and Redcliffs |
| الضحايا | |
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الجيولوجيا
خطأ لوا في وحدة:Location_map على السطر 392: The degree value "- 43.5834" provided for latitude is not valid.
توابع الزلزال الرئيسي منذ 22 فبراير 2011
| Date | Time | Richter Magnitude | Moment Magnitude | Body-wave Magnitude | Earthquake Epicentre | Depth (kms) | Depth (miles) | Modified Mercalli |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22 February 2011 | 12:51 pm | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 10 km south of Christchurch | 5.0 km | 3.1 miles | X. Intense |
| 22 February 2011 | 1:04 pm | 5.8 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 10 km south of Christchurch | 5.9 km | 3.6 miles | VII. Very Strong |
| 22 February 2011 | 2:50 pm | 5.9 | 5.6 | 5.6 | Within 5 km of Lyttelton | 6.72 km | 4.1 miles | VII. Very Strong |
| 22 February 2011 | 2:51 pm | 5.1 | 4.5 | 4.4 | Within 5 km of Lyttelton | 7.3 km | 4.5 miles | VI. Strong |
| 22 February 2011 | 4:04 pm | 5.0 | 4.5 | 4.4 | Within 5 km of Christchurch | 12.0 km | 7.4 miles | VI. Strong |
| 22 February 2011 | 7:43 pm | 5.0 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 20 km south-east of Christchurch | 12.0 km | 7.4 miles | VI. Strong |
| 5 March 2011 | 7:34 pm | 5.0 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 10 km south-east of Christchurch | 9.5 km | 5.9 miles | VI. Strong |
| 20 March 2011 | 9:47 pm | 5.1 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 10 km east of Christchurch | 11.83 km | 7.3 miles | VI. Strong |
| 16 April 2011 | 5:49 pm | 5.3 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 20 km south-east of Christchurch | 10.6 km | 6.5 miles | VI. Strong |
| 30 April 2011 | 7:04 am | 5.2 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 60 km north-east of Christchurch | 8.7 km | 5.4 miles | VI. Strong |
| 10 May 2011 | 3:04 am | 5.2 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 20 km west of Christchurch | 14.4 km | 8.9 miles | VI. Strong |
| 6 June 2011 | 9:09 am | 5.5 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 20 km south-west of Christchurch | 8.1 km | 5.0 miles | VI. Strong |
| Date | Time | Richter Magnitude (ML) | Moment Magnitude (Mw) | Body-wave Magnitude (Mb) | Earthquake Epicentre | Depth (kms) | Depth (miles) | Modified Mercalli |
| 13 June 2011 | 1:00 pm | 5.9 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 10 km south-east of Christchurch | 8.9 km | 5.5 miles | VIII. Destructive |
| 13 June 2011 | 2:20 pm | 6.4 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 10 km south-east of Christchurch | 6.9 km | 4.2 miles | IX. Violent |
| 13 June 2011 | 2:21 pm | 5.1 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 10 km south-east of Christchurch | 10.2 km | 6.4 miles | VI. Strong |
| 15 June 2011 | 6:27 am | 5.2 | 4.8 | 5.0 | 20 km south-east of Christchurch | 5.8 km | 3.5 miles | VI. Strong |
| 21 June 2011 | 10:34 pm | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 10 km south-west of Christchurch | 8.3 km | 5.2 miles | VI. Strong |
| 22 July 2011 | 5:39 am | 5.3 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 40 km west of Christchurch | 12 km | 7.4 miles | VI. Strong |
| 2 September 2011 | 3:29 am | 5.0 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 10 km east of Lyttelton | 7.6 km | 4.7 miles | VI. Strong |
| 9 October 2011 | 8:34 pm | 5.5 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 10 km north-east of Diamond Harbour | 12.0 km | 7.4 miles | VI. Strong |
| Date | Time | Richter Magnitude (ML) | Moment Magnitude (Mw) | Body-wave Magnitude (Mb) | Earthquake Epicentre | Depth (kms) | Depth (miles) | Modified Mercalli |
| 23 December 2011 | 1:58 pm | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 20 km north-east of Lyttelton | 8 km | 4.9 miles | VIII. Destructive |
| 23 December 2011 | 2:06 pm | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 21 km east-north-east of Christchurch | 10.1 km | 6.2 miles | VII. Very Strong |
| 23 December 2011 | 3:18 pm | 6.0 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 10 km north of Lyttelton | 6 km | 3.7 miles | VIII. Destructive |
| 23 December 2011 | 4:50 pm | 5.1 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 20 km east of Christchurch | 10 km | 6.2 miles | VI. Strong |
| 24 December 2011 | 6:37 am | 5.1 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 10 km east of Akaroa | 9 km | 5.5 miles | VI. Strong |
| 2 January 2012 | 1:27 am | 5.1 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 20 km north-east of Lyttelton | 13.3 km | 8.2 miles | VI. Strong |
| 2 January 2012 | 5:45 am | 5.5 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 20 km north-east of Lyttelton | 13.5 km | 8.3 miles | VII. Very Strong |
| 2 January 2012 | 5:45 am | 5.5 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 20 km north-east of Lyttelton | 13.5 km | 8.3 miles | VII. Very Strong |
| 6 January 2012 | 2:22 am | 5.0 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 20 km north-east of Lyttelton | 6.7 km | 4.0 miles | VI. Very Strong |
| 7 January 2012 | 1:21 am | 5.3 | 4.8 | 5.0 | 20 km east of Christchurch | 8.4 km | 5.2 miles | VI. Strong |
| 15 January 2012 | 2:47 am | 5.1 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 10 km east of Christchurch | 5.8 km | 3.6 miles | VI. Strong |
احتمالات منطقة كانتربري على المدى الطويل
| Magnitude Range | Expected Range | Expected Average | Probability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5.0 - 5.4 | 0 - 2 | 0.3 | 26% |
| 5.5 - 5.9 | 0 - 1 | 0.09 | 8% |
| 6.0 - 6.4 | 0 - 1 | 0.03 | 2% |
| 6.5 - 6.9 | 0 - 1 | 0.005 | <1% |
| 7.0 - 7.9 | 0 - 1 | 0.002 | <1% |
| Magnitude Range | Expected Range | Expected Average | Probability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5.0 - 5.4 | 0 - 5 | 1.7 | 82% |
| 5.5 - 5.9 | 0 - 3 | 0.5 | 39% |
| 6.0 - 6.4 | 0 - 1 | 0.1 | 13% |
| 6.5 - 6.9 | 0 - 1 | 0.04 | 4% |
| 7.0 - 7.9 | 0 - 1 | 0.01 | 1% |
إدارة الطوارئ
الشرطة
البحث والانقاذ
قوات الدفاع
HMNZS Canterbury provided aid to Lyttelton residents isolated by the quake.
البنية التحتية والدعم
الإصابات أو الأضرار، وغيرها من الآثار
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الإصابات
The nationalities of the deceased are:-[6]
| Country | Casualties |
|---|---|
 نيوزيلندا – Christchurch – Waimakariri & Selwyn – Lyttelton – Wellington – Other/Unknown |
97[8] 86 8 1 1 1 |
 اليابان |
28[8] |
 الصين |
23 |
 الفلپين |
9 |
 تايلند |
6 |
 إسرائيل |
3 |
 كوريا الجنوبية |
2 |
 كندا  أيرلندا  ماليزيا  تايوان (Taiwan)  رومانيا[9]  صربيا  تركيا  الولايات المتحدة |
1 each |
| Total | 176 |
خسائر الحيوان
المباني المتضررة
_building,_24_February_2011.jpg)
94 bodies were recovered from the CTV Building, which collapsed during the quake.
The Grand Chancellor will be demolished
الضواحي
54 Raekura Place in Redcliffs was destroyed by rockfall.
Beyond Christchurch
مطار كرايست‌چرچ الدولي
الرياضة
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ردود الفعل
RNZAF aerial survey of damage, showing flooding due to soil liquefaction in Christchurch
الأثر الاقتصادي
إلغاء التعداد السكاني لعام 2011
انظر أيضاً
المصادر
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةGeoNet - ^ http://www.geonet.org.nz/earthquake/historic-earthquakes/top-nz/quake-14.html
- ^ "Ice breaks off glacier after Christchurch quake". ABC News. 22 فبراير 2011. Retrieved 11 مارس 2011.
- ^ "Earthquake causes glacier to calve". Stuff.co.nz. 23 فبراير 2011. Archived from the original on 23 أبريل 2011. Retrieved 11 مارس 2011.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Official quake toll rises to 185". Stuff.co. 9 فبراير 2012. Retrieved 9 فبراير 2012.
- ^ أ ب خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةlistdeceased - ^ "Earthquake death toll reaches 113". Stuff.co.nz. 25 فبراير 2011. Retrieved 30 سبتمبر 2011.
- ^ أ ب "Origins clarified by various NZ Herald victim reports". New Zealand Herald. 13 أبريل 2011. Retrieved 13 أبريل 2011.
- ^ Antena 3
قراءات أخرى
- "The Canterbury Earthquakes: Scientific answers to critical questions" (PDF). Royal Society of New Zealand. 2011.
- Creusons plus! » CHCH earthquake updates and stories in French from the French Blend
- Martin Van Beynen, Trapped: Remarkable Stories of Survival from the 2011 Canterbury Earthquake, Penguin, 2012.
وصلات خارجية
Official response and recovery
- Canterbury Earthquake – information for affected residents
- Canterbury earthquake recovery – New Zealand Government website
- Christchurch earthquake official statements at the New Zealand Police
- Christchurch Quake Map
- Red zone streetcam from Terralink
- Christchurch Quake Live
Scientific and engineering reports
- Satellite radar images of earth deformation
- Earthquake information at Geonet (GNS Science)
- United States Geological Survey: Magnitude 6.3 – South Island of New Zealand
- Wikieducator learning resource . An inquiry into the earthquake developed for students aged 13–17.
- Preliminary Report from the Christchurch 22 Feb 2011 6.3mw Earthquake: Pre-1970s RC(reinforced concrete) and RCM(reinforced concrete blocks masonry) Buildings, and Precast Staircase DamagePDF. (1.04 MB) Retrieved 5 March 2011
- News
- Earthquake news at The Press (Christchurch newspaper)
- Earthquake photos at Stuff.co.nz
- Christchurch earthquake page at TV3
- Christchurch earthquake page at Radio Live
- Visual representation of Christchurch earthquakes since 4 September 2010
- Earthquake footage
- Videos at Educated Earth
الكلمات الدالة: