جرن

الجرن barn، هي مبنى زراعي عادة ما يستخدم في المزارع لأغراض مختلفة. في أمريكا الشمالية، تشير كلمة مزرعة إلى المباني التي تأوي الماشية، وتشمل الأبقار والخيل، وكذلك المعدات والأعلاف وغالباً الحبوب.^[2] نتيجة لذلك، فيستخدم مصطلح الجرن للإشارة إلى جرن التبغ، جرن الألبان، جرن الخراف، جرن البطاطس. في الجزر البريطانية يقتصر استخدام مصطلح الجرن على مباني التخزين المخصصة للحبوب الغير مطحونة وللأعلاف.^[2]^[3] وتوجد الحظائر غالبا في المزارع أو في المزارع القديمة المهجورة. والزريبة هي الجرن المعدة لحفظ البقر.^[4]

Timber framed with siding of vertical boards was typical in early New England. Red is a traditional color for paint. Connecticut.

The Texas Technological College Dairy Barn in Lubbock, Texas, U.S., was used as a teaching facility until 1967.

Russian women using a hand powered winnowing machine in a threshing barn. Note the board across the doorway to prevent grain from spilling out of the barn, this is the origin of the term threshold.^[1] Painting from 1894 by Klavdy Lebedev titled the floor or the threshing floor (Гумно).

Grange Barn, Coggeshall, England, originally part of the Cistercian monastery of Coggeshall. Dendrochronologically dated from 1237–1269, it was restored in the 1980s by the Coggeshall Grange Barn Trust, Braintree District Council and Essex County Council.

A bridge barn in Switzerland. The bridge (rather than a ramp) in this case also shelters animals.

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التسمية

التاريخ

الإنشاء

The skeleton of a post and beam horse barn just after raising

جرن توماس رانك راوند في مقاطعة فاييت، إنديانا، الولايات المتحدة.

الاستخدامات

The hay track developed in the early 19th century, here showing how the hay hood (roof extension) covers the track. The gable wall of this barn is missing.

الخصائص

جرن في جنوب أونتاريو، كندا.

A barn of the Uster castle in the city of Uster, Switzerland

This barn in Thuringia, Germany has two outshots forming the recess to the middle barn doors.

الأنواع

مباني زراعية أخرى مرتبطة بالحظائر

مباني زراعية تاريخية

Barns and silo in Newmarket, Ontario, Canada. These structures were torn down in March 2009.

Traditional Sasak rice barn in village of Sade, Lombok, Indonesia.

In Germany some hay barns were kept away from urban areas due to the risk of fire. These areas are called a Scheunenviertel from the German name for a barn, Scheune, which translates as "barn quarter".^[5] This barn quarter is in Steinhude, Germany

The barn at Bjärka-Säby Castle, Sweden, around 1909.

معرض الصور

Half-timbered barn with brick infill. Uetersen, Germany. This barn's proportions resemble a Low German house.
Half-timbered with wattle-work walls for ventilation. Stryd Lydan Barn, originally at Llannerch Banna, Flintshire, North Wales. Re-erected at the St Fagans National History Museum, Cardiff, Wales in 1951.
Wattle work walls in a sheep barn in Ruurlo, Netherlands
Half-timbered barn walls with stone infill. Rödinghausen, Germany.
A barn (ovin) in the museum-estate of Surikov. Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Half-timbered wall with wattle and daub infill. Some of the plaster coating survives. Rödinghausen, Germany.
A rare half-timbered barn with board infill in Syke, Lower Saxony, Germany.
Grange barn, Coggeshall, England. This is a studded barn so the wall sheathing must be applied horizontally and covered with a siding material in this case clapboards (weatherboards).
A type of barn in Metylovice, Czech Republic with stone piers and an infill of horizontal timbers.
Board-on-board siding and a thatch roof on this three bay barn in Bartoszówka, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland.
Timber framed with the sheathing covered in clapboards. New Hampshire, U.S.A.
Rare walls of boards and thatch. Drenthe, Netherlands
Gable end of a brick barn with ventilation holes built into the brickwork.
LImestone walls in the Oak Hall Historic District, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Stone barns are common in parts of the United Kingdom, United States, France, and some Mediterranean countries. The projecting stones are a style in part of England.
Abidiah Taylor Barn Chester County, Pennsylvania. Part of the Taylor-Cope Historic District. Built in either 1724 (date stone) or 1744 (wooden beam investigation), it is one of the oldest extant barns in the United States. Field stone walls.
The combination of brick quoins with flint walls is common in (mostly older) buildings in this area of the Chilterns, Oxfordshire, England.
A rare wall material is Cob which is similar to adobe. Devon, England.
Round log barn in the skansen (open-air museum) in Sanok, Poland
Hewn log barn painted red in Hedemora, Sweden.
No walls are a characteristic of what in the United Kingdom is called a Dutch barn.
Corrugated metal siding

انظر أيضاً

Barn Church, Kew
Barn conversion
Barn raising
Barnyard
Farmhouse
Functionally classified barn
Gambrel roof
Gin gang or round house — an extension to a threshing barn. It contained a horse driven engine, used to power a threshing machine. Sometimes called a wheel house. Water power and wind power were also used to drive the machine, and by the 1850s portable steam engine machines were used. Horse-engines, original threshing or winnowing machines are exceptionally rare.
Hayrack
Historic Barns of Connecticut
National Barn Dance
Dairy
Dovecote — built to house pigeons, which provided variety to the diets of high-status households and a rich source of manure. Examples survive from the medieval period.
Scaffold (barn)
Shed
The Wonderful Barn
Treppenspeicher
Barn dance
Ovinnik

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المصادر

^ ^أ ^ب Allen G. Noble, Traditional Buildings: A Global Survey of Structural Forms and Cultural Functions (New York: Tauris, 2007), 30.
^ "Byre | Define Byre at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved 2012-12-08.
^ Byre | Define Byre at Dictionary.com
^ Cattelan, Maurizio. Von Mäusen und Menschen: 4. Berlin Biennale für zeitgenössische Kunst = Of mice and men : 4th Berlin Biennial for Contemporary Art. Ostfildern-Ruit: Hatje Cantz, 2006. 89. Print.

وصلات خارجية

الكلمات الدالة:

[1] Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition on CD-ROM (v. 4.0) © Oxford University Press 2009. Threshold.

[Noble-2] أ ^ب Allen G. Noble, Traditional Buildings: A Global Survey of Structural Forms and Cultural Functions (New York: Tauris, 2007), 30.

[3] "Byre | Define Byre at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved 2012-12-08.

[4] Byre | Define Byre at Dictionary.com

[5] Cattelan, Maurizio. Von Mäusen und Menschen: 4. Berlin Biennale für zeitgenössische Kunst = Of mice and men : 4th Berlin Biennial for Contemporary Art. Ostfildern-Ruit: Hatje Cantz, 2006. 89. Print.

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