المعرفة

العلاقات الخارجية للنمسا

أنهت معاهدة الدولة النمساوية 1955 احتلال القوى الرباعية واعترفت بالنمسا كدولة سيادية ومستقلة. في أكتوبر 1955، مررت الجمعية الفدرالية قانوناً دستورياً جاء فيه "إعلان النمسا بإرادتها الحرة حيادها الدائم". وأعلنت الفقرة الثانية في القانون أنه "في جميع العصور المستقبلية لن تنضم النمسا إلى أي تحالف عسكري وأنها لن تسمح بتأسيس أي قواعد عسكرية أجنبية على أراضيها". منذ ذلك الحين، صاغت النمسا سياساتها الخارجية على أساس حيادي.


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العلاقات الثنائية

تتمتع النمسا بعلاقات ثنائية مميزة مع العديد من البلدان:

البلد بدء العلاقات الخارجية الهوامش
  ألبانيا 1912

دعمت النمسا-المجر اعلان استقلال ألبانيا عام 1912.

  الأرجنتين 1870-10-27
  أرمنيا 1992-01-24
  • Austria has an embassy in Yerevan.
  • Armenia has and embassy in Vienna.
  أستراليا 1948
  بلاروس 1992-02
  بلجيكا 1833
  بلغاريا 1878
  كندا 1929 See Austria–Canada relations
  تشيلي 1846 See Austria–Chile relations
  الصين 1971-05-28
  كولومبيا 1920 see Austria–Colombia relations
  كرواتيا 1992-01-15 See Austria–Croatia relations
  قبرص 1960
  التشيك 1920-01-20 See Austria – Czech Republic relations

Austria has an embassy in Prague and two honorary consulates (in Brno and České Budějovice). The Czech Republic has an embassy in Vienna and five honorary consulates (in Graz, Innsbruck, Klagenfurt, Linz, and Salzburg). Both countries are full members of the European Union. They share 362 km of common border, which can be crossed anywhere without border control due to the Schengen Agreement.

  الدنمارك 1925-12-19 See Austria-Denmark relations
  مصر 1929
  إستونيا 1921-06-26
  فنلندا 1918-07-19
  فرنسا 1535 See Austria–France relations
  جورجيا 1992 See Austria–Georgia relations

Georgia opened its embassy in Vienna in 1996.[30]

  ألمانيا See Austria–Germany relations

Due to German being the common language of these two neighboring European countries, relations between them are close.

  المجر 1921 See Austria–Hungary relations
  آيسلندا 1928
  الهند 1949[34] See Austria–India relations
  إيران
  • Austria has an embassy in Tehran.
  • Iran has an embassy in Vienna.
  • On July 3, 2018, Austria announced it was revoking the diplomatic immunity of an Iranian diplomat in Vienna, due to his alleged role in a French bomb plot.[38]
  أيرلندا 1951
  إسرائيل 1949 See Austria–Israel relations

See also History of the Jews in Austria.

  إيطاليا See Austria–Italy relations
  اليابان 1869-10 See Austria–Japan relations
  كوريا الشمالية 1974[48] See Foreign relations of North Korea
  • Austria is represented in North Korea through its embassy in Beijing.
  • North Korea has an embassy in ڤيينا.
  كوريا الجنوبية 1892 As Chosun Dynasty/1963-05-22[49] See Austria – South Korea relations

The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Austria in German (Republik Österreich) and the Republic of Korea in Korean (대한민국) Started on 1892.

  كوسوڤو 2008
  • Austria recognized Kosovo on 28 February 2008.[54]
  • Austria has an embassy in Pristina since 20 March 2008.
  • Kosovo has an embassy in Vienna since February 2009.
  لاتڤيا 1921-02-17
  لتوانيا 1991
  ماليزيا 1962-08-06 See Austria–Malaysia relations
  • Austria has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.[56]
  • Malaysia has an embassy in Vienna.[57]
  • Malaysia is one of Austria's most important trading partners in Southeast Asia.[58]
  مالطا
  المكسيك 1842 See Austria–Mexico relations

During the French intervention in Mexico between 1864 and 1867, with French backing Maximilian I of Mexico, member of Austria's Imperial Habsburg-Lorraine family was proclaimed Emperor of Mexico.

As of 2005, Mexico was Austria's second most important trade partner in Latin America.[61] The same year, the President of Austria Heinz Fischer visited Mexico and Brazil, the first ever state visit of an Austrian President to countries in Latin America.[61][62][63]

  • Austria has an embassy in Mexico City.[64]
  • Mexico has an embassy in Vienna.[65]
  مولدوڤا 1992-03-25 See Austria–Moldova relations
  • Austria is represented in Moldova through its embassy in Bucharest (Romania) and through an honorary consulate in Chişinău.
  • Moldova has an embassy in Vienna and an honorary consulate in Innsbruck.[66]
  • Austria announced to later open a resident embassy in Chişinău.
  الجبل الأسود 2006-07-12
  هولندا
  پاكستان 1956 See Austria–Pakistan relations

Relations between the two countries are generally friendly. The diplomatic ties between Pakistan and Austria were established in 1956 when Pakistan formally recognized Austria.[69]

  الفلپين 1946-10-17 See Austria–Philippines relations
  • Austria has an embassy in Manila
  • The Philippines has an embassy in Vienna.
  • As of 2014, there are about 35,000 Filipinos in Austria, most of them involved in the health and service sector.[73]
  پولندا 1921 See Austria–Poland relations
  رومانيا 1878-09-22
  روسيا See Austria–Russia relations
  السعودية 1957-09-10 See Austria – Saudi Arabia relations
  • Both countries had diplomatic contact since July 7, 1880, with the opening of an Austrian consulate in Jeddah (then under Ottoman occupation).
  • Austria has an embassy in Riyadh
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Vienna.
  صربيا 1874 See Austria–Serbia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1874.

  سلوڤاكيا See Austria–Slovakia relations
  جزر سولومون October 2005

Both countries established diplomatic relations in October 2005.[78]

   سويسرا See Austria–Switzerland relations

Due to German being the common language of these two neighboring European countries relations between them are close.

  تركيا See Austrian–Turkish relations
  أوكرانيا 1992 See Austria–Ukraine relations
  المملكة المتحدة 1799 See Austria – United Kingdom relations
  الولايات المتحدة 1921 See Austria – United States relations


انظر أيضاً

مرئيات

وزيرة الخارجية النمساوية كارين كنايسل، تلقي كلمتها أمام الجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة باللغة العربية، 29 سبتمبر 2018.

المصادر

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  5. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-07-09. Retrieved 2015-02-19. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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  33. ^ "English > Austurríki > The Icelandic Foreign Services". Archived from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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  37. ^ "Welcome to Embassy of India to Austria and Montenegro".
  38. ^ "Austria To Lift Iranian Diplomat's Immunity Over Alleged Bomb Plot". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. July 3, 2018. Austria is stripping the immunity of an Iranian diplomat suspected of involvement in an alleged plot to bomb a meeting of exiled Iranian opposition groups in France.
  39. ^ "Seanad Éireann - Volume 116 - 09 July 1987". Office of the Houses of the Oireachtas. pp. [2166]. Archived from the original on 2 December 2006. Retrieved 2008-11-22. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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  48. ^ "북한 오스트리아 수교 : 네이버 통합검색". Search.naver.com. Retrieved 2016-10-22.
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  61. ^ أ ب "Lateinamerika und die Karibik" (in German). Austrian Foreign Ministry. Archived from the original on 2012-12-15. Retrieved 2008-11-17. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
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قراءات إضافية

  • Horn, David Bayne. Great Britain and Europe in the eighteenth century (1967) covers 1603-1702; pp 111-43.

وصلات خارجية

الكلمات الدالة:
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